Light or visible light is the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light has a wavelength in a range from about 380 or 400 nanometres to about 760 or 780 nm, with a frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz. In physics, the term light often comprises the adjacent radiation regions of infrared (at lower frequencies) and ultraviolet (at higher), not visible to the human eye.
Primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization, while its speed, about 300,000,000 meters per second (300,000 kilometers per second) in vacuum, is one of the fundamental constants of nature.
Light, which is emitted and absorbed in tiny "packets" called photons, exhibits properties of both waves and particles. This property is referred to as the wave–particle duality. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.
The visible light waves are the electromagnetic waves. The visible light waves produce by the accelerating charge particle. As the charge particle is accelerated, it produces electric and magnetic fields, which are changing in nature, and they produce electromagnetic waves. There is a wide range of electromagnetic waves out of which one part is called as visible light waves.
The visible light is in the very narrow region of electromagnetic spectrum. The visible light waves can be detected by human eye. The frequency of visible light waves is ranging from 4 × 1014 Hertz to 8 × 1014 Hertz. The wavelength range of visible light waves lies between 400 nanometer to 700 nanometer. The visible light waves consists of seven colored light such as violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. The visible light waves are produced by atomic excitation. The visible light waves emitted or reflected from objects around us provide the information about the world surrounding us.
The characteristics of visible light waves are given below:
(i) The visible light waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charged particles.
(ii) The visible light waves do not require any material medium for their propagation.
(iii) The visible light waves are transverse in nature.
(iv) The visible light waves travel in free space with a speed of 3 × 108 metre per second.
(v) In visible waves the sinusoidal variation in both electric and magnetic fields vectors occurs simultaneously.
(vi) The direction of electric and magnetic fields variations are perpendicular to each other.
(vii) The velocity of visible light waves depends entirely on the electric and magnetic properties of the medium in which they travel and is independent of the amplitudes of the field vectors.
(viii) The velocity of visible light waves in any dielectric medium is less than 3 × 108 metre per second.
(ix) The visible light wave carry energy, which is, divided equally between electric field and magnetic field vectors.
(x) The electric field vector is responsible for the optical effects of an electromagnetic wave and it is called as light vector or optic vector.
Light is a form of energy that produces the sensation of vision. Light itself invisible. When it falls on an object the scattered light enters the eye and the object becomes visible. In this process the light undergoes modifications exhibiting its properties. Optics is the study of these interactive properties of light. The path along which light energy travels is called a ray. In a homogeneous medium a ray may be represented by a straight line with an arrow head in the direction in which the energy travels. The study of light based on the concept of rays with the help of geometrical principles is called Geometrical Optics.
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