Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.
If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction. In contrast, chemical reactions where electrons are transferred between molecules are called oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions. In general, electrochemistry deals with situations where oxidation and reduction reactions are separated in space or time, connected by an external electric circuit to understand each process.
Electro chemistry deals with chemical changes produced by passingelectricity.The laws which govern the decomposition of substances on electrodes with passage of current are called Faraday's laws of electrolysis
Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations. The subject is of importance both for theoretical and practical considerations.
A large number of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine and many other chemicals are produced by electrochemical methods. The reactions carried out electrochemically can be energy efficient and less polluting. The transmission of sensory signals through cells to brain and vice versa and communication between cells are known to have electrochemical origin.
Definition : A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy. In this device the gibbs energy of the spontaneous redox reaction is converted into electrical energy which may be used for running a motor or other electrical gadgets like heater, fan, geyser, etc.
Daniel cell is also a type of galvanic cell. The redox reaction of a Daniel cell is:
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) âZn2+ (aq) + cu (s)
This cell converts the chemical energy liberated during the redox reaction to electrical energy and has an electrical potential equal to 1.1 V when concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions is unity. If an external opposite potential is applied and increased slowly, the reaction continues to take place till the opposing voltage reaches the value 1.1 v.
The redox reaction of the cell is a combination of two half reactions whose addition gives the overall cell reaction:
i. Cu2+ + 2e- â Cu (s) (reduction half reaction)
ii. Zn (s) â Zn2+ + 2e- (oxidation half reaction)
These reactions occur in two different portions of the daniell cell. The reduction half reaction occurs on the copper electrode while the oxidation half reaction occurs on the inc electrode. These two portions of the cell are also called half-cells or redox couples. The copper electrode may be called the reduction half cell and the zinc electrode , the oxidation cell.
Study of electrochemistry is important for creating new technologies that are ecofriendly.
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